Sample rate is how many times per second the audio is measured. 44.1 kHz has been the standard for CDs since the format began and is still the norm for music releases; 48 kHz is the standard for video, film and most broadcast work. Both cover the full range of human hearing, so pick the one that matches where the audio is going.
Bit depth is how precisely each measurement is stored. 16-bit gives about 96 dB of dynamic range, which is CD quality and plenty for a finished file. 24-bit gives about 144 dB in theory. That matters less for listening and more for processing: when you turn parts down, compress or EQ them, you stay well clear of the noise floor.
Rule of thumb: render 24-bit at your session’s sample rate if the WAV is going back into a DAW or video editor. Render 16-bit at 44.1 kHz if the WAV is the finished product, for a CD or a distributor that asks for CD-quality files.
WAV or MP3: when lossless matters
A WAV file stores audio uncompressed. Nothing is discarded, so it’s the right format for anything you’ll edit, mix, master, time-stretch or sample. The cost is size: about 10 MB per stereo minute at CD quality.
MP3 throws away detail the encoder predicts you won’t notice, shrinking the file by a factor of about 4 to 11 depending on bitrate. That’s ideal for listening and sharing, but the losses compound: each time you process and re-encode an MP3, artifacts build up. MP3 also pads the start and end with a few milliseconds of silence, which breaks gapless loops.
Use WAV as your working format and MP3 as a delivery format. If you need both, render the WAV here and the MP3 with MIDI to MP3, from the same MIDI file and the same sound.
Rendering stems from a MIDI file
Stems are separate audio files for each part of an arrangement, such as piano, bass and drums, that share the same start point. Producers mix them in another DAW, remixers rebuild tracks from them, and video editors use them to duck one part under dialogue.
To make stems here, solo one track, render, then solo the next. Each render starts at the very beginning of the MIDI file, so the stems line up when you place them at the same position in a session. Keep the sample rate, bit depth and tail identical for every stem.
Stems from this tool use the piano or synth voice. They’re well suited to piano parts, guide tracks and arrangement sketches. For production-ready instrument sounds, render the MIDI inside your DAW with the plugins you mix with, or open it in the MIDI Editor first to fix notes before you bounce.


